Observations/Interferometry: Difference between revisions

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===Dayton Miller (1902 - 1933)===
===Dayton Miller (1902 - 1933)===
Dayton Miller conducted the most extensive experimentation using laser interferometry during the early to mid 1900s, conducting a total of 5,200,000 measurements.
Dayton Miller conducted the most extensive experimentation using laser interferometry during the early to mid 1900s, conducting a total of 5,200,000 measurements.
Miller was able to determine a direct cause and effect relationship with the speed of The Ether the most the movement of the sun and the axial tilt of the cosmic microwave background the Fringe shift pattern reached their maximum and minimum dimensions in accordance with the equinoxes this is a direct this is directly relating a translation of motion from the sky to the Earth
Miller was able to determine a direct cause and effect relationship with the speed of The Æther, the most the movement of the sun and the axial tilt of the cosmic microwave background the Fringe shift pattern reached their maximum and minimum dimensions in accordance with the equinoxes this is a direct this is directly relating a translation of motion from the sky to the Earth


[[File:Dayton Miller.png|150px|right]]
[[File:Dayton Miller.png|150px|right]]
The subsequent Nicholson Morley experiments in modern times that are trending towards zero for detection in their friendship pattern only further approved Miller's hypothesis that as you get closer to the surface of the Earth less motion will be translated than an altitude he also made considerations for the environment of the apparatus (I.E is it enclosed, is it in a basement, at the bottom of a building, what's it enclosed in, what are those materials made out of, what sort of shielding is used for the apparatus).
The subsequent Nicholson Morley experiments in modern times that are trending towards zero for detection in their friendship pattern only further approved Miller's hypothesis that as you get closer to the surface of the Earth less motion will be translated than an altitude he also made considerations for the environment of the apparatus (I.E is it enclosed, is it in a basement, at the bottom of a building, what's it enclosed in, what are those materials made out of, what sort of shielding is used for the apparatus).


Miller's later work consisted of taking measurements at altitude, this allowed him to make consistent measurements of the fluctuation in ether speed.
Miller's later work consisted of taking measurements at altitude, this allowed him to make consistent measurements of the fluctuation in Æther speed.


In 1933, in summary of all his laser interferometry work, Miller said:
In 1933, in summary of all his laser interferometry work, Miller said:
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It should be noted that while David Miller was alive that his work could not be refuted. Miller undertook extensive controlled experiments and procedures to guard against laboratory artifacts, and objectively determine the sensitivity of his apparatus.
It should be noted that while David Miller was alive that his work could not be refuted. Miller undertook extensive controlled experiments and procedures to guard against laboratory artifacts, and objectively determine the sensitivity of his apparatus.


While Miller was doing these experiments that were proving a measurement with The Ether in correspondence with the with the sky , he was criticized heavily. People were saying that can't be possible, you must there must be some error in your work, and had a lot of people attacking and critiquing his work while his experiments were going on.
While Miller was doing these experiments that were proving a measurement with The Æther in correspondence with the with the sky , he was criticized heavily. People were saying that can't be possible, you must there must be some error in your work, and had a lot of people attacking and critiquing his work while his experiments were going on.


Miller would actively take steps to address the criticisms, as well and modify his experiments to address the the criticisms. So that's something really cool about Miller, is every time he was criticized instead of just saying No and rejecting the criticism, he would literally do hundreds of thousands of experiments and measurements directly addressing what was what was previously thought to be wrong.
Miller would actively take steps to address the criticisms, as well and modify his experiments to address the the criticisms. So that's something really cool about Miller, is every time he was criticized instead of just saying No and rejecting the criticism, he would literally do hundreds of thousands of experiments and measurements directly addressing what was what was previously thought to be wrong.
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====Miller's Data====
====Miller's Data====
[[File:Dayton Miller graphs 1.png|200px|right|thumb|Figure 1]]
[[File:Dayton Miller graphs 1.png|200px|right|thumb|Figure 1]]
Periodicity of the of global ether Drift from Dayton Miller's Mount Wilson ether drift experiment 1925-1926. The top graft above plus the data from four separate months or epochs measured at different times of the year organized by sidereal time showing a definite periodic curve the heavy line is the mean of all four epochs. (figure 1 bottom Graph) above plots the same data organized by civil clock time coordinates, here is the same data spread out along the graph without apparent periodicity.
Periodicity of the of global Æther drift from Dayton Miller's Mount Wilson Æther drift experiment 1925-1926. The top graft above plus the data from four separate months or epochs measured at different times of the year organized by sidereal time showing a definite periodic curve the heavy line is the mean of all four epochs. (figure 1 bottom Graph) above plots the same data organized by civil clock time coordinates, here is the same data spread out along the graph without apparent periodicity.


This demonstrates that the detected axis in the Periodicity of The Ether drift is the same or different times of that year, so it can only be seen when the data is viewed through a cosmological sidereal coordinate system from Miller 1928, page 362. These data curves are organized along with Azimuth means that were later recomputed with Miller's publication as given in (Figure 1 top Graph).
This demonstrates that the detected axis in the Periodicity of The Æther drift is the same or different times of that year, so it can only be seen when the data is viewed through a cosmological sidereal coordinate system from Miller 1928, page 362. These data curves are organized along with Azimuth means that were later recomputed with Miller's publication as given in (Figure 1 top Graph).


On average velocity and Azimuth of global ether drift, from Dayton Miller's Mount Wilson ether drift experiments 1925-1926. (Figure 1 top Graph) average variations is observed in The observed magnitude of ether Drift from all four epochs of measurement. Maximum velocities occurs at about five hours sidereal time and minimum velocity occurs at about 17 hours sidereal time. While Miller's 1933 paper assumed the Earth was pushing through the ether and moving towards Dorado near the southern pole of the plane of the ecliptic, the movement and direction of The Ether drift past the interferometer was exactly opposite to this toward Draco, near the North Pole, and the plane of the ecliptic 17 hours right Ascension declination of plus 68 degrees.
On average velocity and Azimuth of global Æther drift, from Dayton Miller's Mount Wilson Æther drift experiments 1925-1926. (Figure 1 top Graph) average variations is observed in The observed magnitude of Æther Drift from all four epochs of measurement. Maximum velocities occurs at about five hours sidereal time and minimum velocity occurs at about 17 hours sidereal time. While Miller's 1933 paper assumed the Earth was pushing through the Æther and moving towards Dorado near the southern pole of the plane of the ecliptic, the movement and direction of The Æther drift past the interferometer was exactly opposite to this toward Draco, near the North Pole, and the plane of the ecliptic 17 hours right Ascension declination of plus 68 degrees.


It is important from the standpoint of his working the theory to clarify the concepts of the net motion of the earth versus the direction of The Ether drift, however if the ether itself is in motion acting as a cosmic prime mover the direction of The Ether drift in the net motion of the Earth would be identical, although at different velocities.
It is important from the standpoint of his working the theory to clarify the concepts of the net motion of the earth versus the direction of The Æther drift, however if the Æther itself is in motion acting as a cosmic prime mover the direction of The Æther drift in the net motion of the Earth would be identical, although at different velocities.


[[File:Dayton Miller graphs 2.png|200px|right|thumb|Figure 2]]
[[File:Dayton Miller graphs 2.png|200px|right|thumb|Figure 2]]
The bottom graph average variation and observed Azimuth readings according to sidereal time this graph uses the theme average and data curve from (Figure 1 top graph) published by Miller 1928 page 363. But at the time was given a different Baseline average the the same graph is present here for the first time using Miller's revised seasonal averages as published in 1933 page 235, which helped Define the axis of ether drift.
The bottom graph average variation and observed Azimuth readings according to sidereal time this graph uses the theme average and data curve from (Figure 1 top graph) published by Miller 1928 page 363. But at the time was given a different Baseline average the the same graph is present here for the first time using Miller's revised seasonal averages as published in 1933 page 235, which helped Define the axis of Æther drift.


Amazingly the independent averages of the four epochs provided by Miller (February equals minus 10 degrees west of North, April equals plus 40 degrees east, August equals plus 10 degrees east, and in September equals plus 55 degrees east), yielded together results in a mean displacement of 23.75 degrees east from North (Figure 2 bottom graph). This is close to the Earth's axial tilt of 23.5 degrees, and can hardly be a coincidence.
Amazingly the independent averages of the four epochs provided by Miller (February equals minus 10 degrees west of North, April equals plus 40 degrees east, August equals plus 10 degrees east, and in September equals plus 55 degrees east), yielded together results in a mean displacement of 23.75 degrees east from North (Figure 2 bottom graph). This is close to the Earth's axial tilt of 23.5 degrees, and can hardly be a coincidence.


Dayton Miller modeled out, based on those measurements, so basically he thought that he was measuring the axial tilt of the earth. A model constructed by Miller displaying the axis of ether drift through the four seasons (of what he thought was the Earth moving around the Sun and the axis of drift), this model appears to be roughly perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic, so this is what Miller modeled out from his measurements. So, I'm going to play this out that this is what Miller measured, essentially on a flat plane with the sun doing all of the same stuff that he measured in the ether translating the motion of the sky down to the Earth.
Dayton Miller modeled out, based on those measurements, so basically he thought that he was measuring the axial tilt of the earth. A model constructed by Miller displaying the axis of Æther drift through the four seasons (of what he thought was the Earth moving around the Sun and the axis of drift), this model appears to be roughly perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic, so this is what Miller modeled out from his measurements. So, I'm going to play this out that this is what Miller measured, essentially on a flat plane with the sun doing all of the same stuff that he measured in the Æther translating the motion of the sky down to the Earth.


====Shanklin's Response====
====Shanklin's Response====
Robert Shanklin was brought in to basically character assassinate Miller and his work. Shanklin a former student of Miller later became a proponent of Einstein's relativity theory, and he built his career on Publications that misrepresented the Michelson-Morley experiments as solid evidence against the existence of ether. The bias raised questions about the objectivity of Shanklin and his team, as reviewers of Miller's work.
Robert Shanklin was brought in to basically character assassinate Miller and his work. Shanklin a former student of Miller later became a proponent of Einstein's relativity theory, and he built his career on Publications that misrepresented the Michelson-Morley experiments as solid evidence against the existence of Æther. The bias raised questions about the objectivity of Shanklin and his team, as reviewers of Miller's work.


Misrepresentation of the experimental results, Shanklin's falsely claimed that the trials of Mickelson-Morley experiments, except those carried out by Miller, yielded "null results". This misrepresentation ignores the slight positive result obtained by several other interferometer experiments, suggesting as a deliberate bias against Miller's findings. Lack of comprehensive evaluation, Shanklin's paper gave the impression of a comprehensive review of Miller's interferometer observations, but was limited in scope.
Misrepresentation of the experimental results, Shanklin's falsely claimed that the trials of Mickelson-Morley experiments, except those carried out by Miller, yielded "null results". This misrepresentation ignores the slight positive result obtained by several other interferometer experiments, suggesting as a deliberate bias against Miller's findings. Lack of comprehensive evaluation, Shanklin's paper gave the impression of a comprehensive review of Miller's interferometer observations, but was limited in scope.
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Miller addressed at many times and even called Einstein out in a paper (need citation). There's a long history of you know people trying to dunk on Miller and while he was alive he couldn't do it, so after he died that's when the that's when the Sharks came in and uh picked at the bones of his of his work.
Miller addressed at many times and even called Einstein out in a paper (need citation). There's a long history of you know people trying to dunk on Miller and while he was alive he couldn't do it, so after he died that's when the that's when the Sharks came in and uh picked at the bones of his of his work.


David's Miller work on The Ether drift which was conducted with precision and diligence has been disregarded and omitted from The History of Science, despite Miller's response to his criticism to his critics in his consistent demonstration of The Ether drift phenomenon he was viewed as a threat by Einstein and his followers who sought to explain away Miller's work.
David's Miller work on The Æther drift which was conducted with precision and diligence has been disregarded and omitted from The History of Science, despite Miller's response to his criticism to his critics in his consistent demonstration of The Æther drift phenomenon he was viewed as a threat by Einstein and his followers who sought to explain away Miller's work.


The Shanklin team and their attempt to discredit Miller selectively analyzed his data and failed to systematically evaluate his most important experiments, while the Shanklin conclusion were negative, they were they inadvertently confirmed Miller's work of a periodic effect in the interferometer data, which was not due to random errors or mechanical effects.
The Shanklin team and their attempt to discredit Miller selectively analyzed his data and failed to systematically evaluate his most important experiments, while the Shanklin conclusion were negative, they were they inadvertently confirmed Miller's work of a periodic effect in the interferometer data, which was not due to random errors or mechanical effects.
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Michelson, A. A. and E. W. Morley (1887). "On the Relative Motion of the Earth and the Luminiferous Ether." American Journal of Science s3-34(203): 333.
Michelson, A. A. and E. W. Morley (1887). "On the Relative Motion of the Earth and the Luminiferous Æther." American Journal of Science s3-34(203): 333.


Sagnac, G. (1913). "The Existence of the Luminiferous Ether Demonstrated by Means of the Effect of a Relative Ether Wind in an Uniformly Rotating Interferometer."
Sagnac, G. (1913). "The Existence of the Luminiferous Æther Demonstrated by Means of the Effect of a Relative Æther Wind in an Uniformly Rotating Interferometer."


Michelson, A. A. and H. G. Gale (1925). "The Effect of the Earth's Rotation on the Velocity of Light." Nature 115(2894): 566-566.
Michelson, A. A. and H. G. Gale (1925). "The Effect of the Earth's Rotation on the Velocity of Light." Nature 115(2894): 566-566.
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Michelson, A. A. and H. G. Gale (1925). "The Effect of the Earth's Rotation on the Velocity of Light II." The Astrophysical Journal 61: 140.
Michelson, A. A. and H. G. Gale (1925). "The Effect of the Earth's Rotation on the Velocity of Light II." The Astrophysical Journal 61: 140.


Miller, D. C. (1925). "Ether-Drift Experiments at Mount Wilson." Nature 116(2906): 49-50.
Miller, D. C. (1925). "Æther-Drift Experiments at Mount Wilson." Nature 116(2906): 49-50.


Miller, D. C. (1930). "Ether Drift Experiments in 1929 and other Evidences of Solar Motion." Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada 24: 82.
Miller, D. C. (1930). "Æther Drift Experiments in 1929 and other Evidences of Solar Motion." Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada 24: 82.


A. Dufour, F. P. (1942). "On a Fringe Movement Registered on a Platform in Unformation Motion." J. de Physique. Radium Radium 3, 9: 153-162.
A. Dufour, F. P. (1942). "On a Fringe Movement Registered on a Platform in Unformation Motion." J. de Physique. Radium Radium 3, 9: 153-162.


Galaev, Y. M. (2001). Etheral Wind in Experience of Millimetric Radiowaves Propagation.
Galaev, Y. M. (2001). Ætheral Wind in Experience of Millimetric Radiowaves Propagation.


Galaev, Y. M. (2002). "Measuring Ether-Drift Velocity and Kinematic Ether Viscosity within the Optical Waves Band." Spacetime and Substance 3(5): 207 - 224.
Galaev, Y. M. (2002). "Measuring Æther-Drift Velocity and Kinematic Æther Viscosity within the Optical Waves Band." Spacetime and Substance 3(5): 207 - 224.


Wang, R., Y. Zheng and A. Yao (2004). "Generalized Sagnac Effect." Physical Review Letters 93(14).
Wang, R., Y. Zheng and A. Yao (2004). "Generalized Sagnac Effect." Physical Review Letters 93(14).
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Gezari, D. (2009). "Experimental Basis for Special Relativity in the Photon Sector."
Gezari, D. (2009). "Experimental Basis for Special Relativity in the Photon Sector."


Ching-Chuan, S. (2000). A Local-Ether Model of Wave Propagation Complying with the Sagnac Correction in the Global Positioning System. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium.
Ching-Chuan, S. (2000). A Local-Æther Model of Wave Propagation Complying with the Sagnac Correction in the Global Positioning System. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium.


DeMeo, J. (2014). "Does a Cosmic Ether Exist? Evidence from Dayton Miller and Others." Journal of Scientific Exploration 28: 647-682.
DeMeo, J. (2014). "Does a Cosmic Æther Exist? Evidence from Dayton Miller and Others." Journal of Scientific Exploration 28: 647-682.


Thomson, S. J. (1919). "Joint Eclipse Meeting of the Royal Society and the Royal Astronomical Society." The Observatory 42: 389-398.
Thomson, S. J. (1919). "Joint Eclipse Meeting of the Royal Society and the Royal Astronomical Society." The Observatory 42: 389-398.