Pseudoscience/Heliocentricism: Difference between revisions
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====476–550 BC====
(India) Aryabhata, in his magnum opus Aryabhatiya (499), '''propounded''' (To offer for consideration; to exhibit; to propose.) a planetary model in which the Earth was taken to be spinning on its axis and the periods of the planets were given with respect to the Sun. His immediate commentators, such as Lalla, and other later authors, rejected his innovative view about the turning Earth. He also made many astronomical '''calculations''', such as the times of the solar and lunar eclipses, and the instantaneous motion of the Moon. Early followers of Aryabhata's model included Varahamihira, Brahmagupta, and Bhaskara II.
====390 BC====
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====270 BC====
(Greek) Aristarchus of Samos is known to be the first person to have '''proposed''' a heliocentric system. Like his contemporary [[People/Eratosthenes|Eratosthenes]], Aristarchus calculated the size of the Earth by '''assuming''' both the sizes and distances of the Sun and Moon. From his '''estimates''', he concluded that the Sun was six to seven times wider than the Earth, and '''thought''' that the larger object would have the most attractive force.
Aristarchus '''presumably''' took the stars to be very far away because he was aware that their parallax would otherwise be observed over the course of a year, however sufficiently powerful telescopes had not yet been developed until the 1830s.
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(France) Bishop Nicole Oresme '''discussed''' the possibility that the Earth rotated on its axis, while Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa asked whether there was any reason to assert that the Sun (or any other point) was the center of the universe. In parallel to a mystical definition of God, Cusa wrote that "Thus the fabric of the world (machina mundi) will quasi have its center everywhere and circumference nowhere," recalling Hermes Trismegistus.
(India) Nilakantha Somayaji (1444–1544) developed a '''computational system''' for a geo-heliocentric planetary model, in which the planets orbit the Sun, which in turn orbits the Earth, similar to the system later '''proposed''' by Tycho Brahe. it was said to be more mathematically accurate at predicting the heliocentric orbits of the interior planets than both the Tychonic and Copernican models. Nilakantha's "planetary system" also incorporated the Earth's rotation on its axis. Most astronomers of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics seem to have '''accepted''' his planetary model.
(Poland) Nicolaus Copernicus (a [[Agencies/Jesuits|'''Jesuit''']]) (1473-1543) astronomer, physician, '''priest''', famous for the heliocentric planetary '''theory'''. He '''formulated''' a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center.
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====17th Century AD====
(German) In 1783, amateur astronomer William Herschel attempted to determine the shape of the universe by examining stars through his handmade telescopes. Herschel was the first to '''propose''' a model of the universe based on observation and measurement.
(Czech) Christian Mayer (1719-1783) was a [[Agencies/Jesuits|'''Jesuit''']], astronomer, known for pioneering binary star study.
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