Pseudoscience/Heliocentricism: Difference between revisions
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====900–700 BC====
(India) Philosopher Yajnavalkya '''proposed''' elements of heliocentrism '''stating''' that the Sun was "the center of the spheres". However he also '''stated''' the sun has motion. (Sounds Geocentric, but he is given credit towards the heliocentric origins)
====800–500 BC====
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====550-400 BC====
(India) Aryabhata, in his magnum opus Aryabhatiya (499), '''propounded''' (To offer for consideration; to exhibit; to propose.) a planetary model in which the Earth was taken to be spinning on its axis and the periods of the planets were given with respect to the Sun. His immediate commentators, such as Lalla, and other later authors, rejected his innovative view about the turning Earth. He also made many astronomical '''calculations''', such as the times of the solar and lunar eclipses, and the instantaneous motion of the Moon. Early followers of Aryabhata's model included Varahamihira, Brahmagupta, and Bhaskara II.
====500 BC====
[[File:Pythagorasx.gif|thumb|Pythagoras'
(Greek) Pythagoras of Samos was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher, polymath and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism. His political and religious teachings were well known in Magna Graecia and influenced the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and, through them, the West in general.
Pythagoras was credited with many mathematical and scientific discoveries, including the Pythagorean theorem, Pythagorean tuning, the five regular solids, the '''Theory''' of Proportions, the sphericity of the Earth, and the identity of the morning and evening stars as the planet Venus. It was said that he was the first man to call himself a philosopher ("lover of wisdom") and that he was the first to divide the "globe" into five climatic zones.
====390 BC====
▲[[File:Pythagorasx.gif|thumb|Pythagoras' Model: Wow, let's do some human sacrifices]]
(Turkey) Heraclides Ponticus (390BC – 310BC) was a Greek philosopher and astronomer who was born in Heraclea Pontica (now Karadeniz Ereğli, Turkey) and migrated to Athens. He is best remembered for '''proposing''' that the Earth rotates on its axis, from west to east, once every 24 hours. He is also hailed as the originator of the heliocentric theory; although this is disputed.
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The Pythagorean concept of uniform circular motion remained unchallenged for approximately the next 2000 years, and it was to the Pythagoreans that Copernicus (a [[Agencies/Jesuits|'''Jesuit''']]) referred to show that the notion of a moving Earth was neither new nor revolutionary.
====350 BC====
Hebrew calendar based on the moon replaced by the Julian calendar based on the sun under penalty of death by the Roman emperor.
====270 BC====
[[File:Attic_cup_-_Karchesion_-_Ancient_Greek,_Late_Archaic_Period_-_Around_520_BCE_-_Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston_(08.292).jpg|thumb|pederasty (pedophilia) was common amongst the greek "elite": A man titillating a boy, who responds, flanked by grape vines with large clusters of grapes.]]
(Greek) Aristarchus of Samos is known to be the first person to have '''proposed''' a heliocentric system. Like his contemporary [[People/Eratosthenes|Eratosthenes]], Aristarchus calculated the size of the Earth by '''assuming''' both the sizes and distances of the Sun and Moon. From his '''estimates''', he concluded that the Sun was six to seven times wider than the Earth, and '''thought''' that the larger object would have the most attractive force.
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Seleucus also '''theorized''' the phenomenon of tides to be caused by the attraction to the Moon and by the revolution of the Earth around the Earth and Moon's center of mass.
====150 BC====
Hipparchus adopts sphere and sun orbiting around the earth. Origin of the "heavenly bodies" are infinitely distant.
Ptolomy's Ptolemaic system of astronomy lasted 1400 years with a stationary earth in a geocentric model (150 AD to Copernicus)
====1st Century AD====
Pythagoreanism was revived in the 1st century BC, giving rise to Neopythagoreanism (Neopythagoreanism was a school of Hellenistic and Roman philosophy which revived Pythagorean doctrines). The worship of Pythagoras continued in Italy and as a religious community Pythagoreans appear to have survived as part of, or deeply influenced, the '''Bacchic cults''' <ref name=CultofBacchus></ref> and '''Orphism''' (Orphism: Cult of Dionysus) <ref name=CultofDionysus></ref>.
Bacchic rituals were said to have included omophagic practices, such as pulling live animals apart and eating the whole of them raw. This practice served not only as a reenactment of the infant death and rebirth of Bacchus, but also as a means by which Bacchic practitioners produced "enthusiasm".
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(India) Nilakantha Somayaji (1444–1544) developed a '''computational system''' for a geo-heliocentric planetary model, in which the planets orbit the Sun, which in turn orbits the Earth, similar to the system later '''proposed''' by Tycho Brahe. it was said to be more mathematically accurate at predicting the heliocentric orbits of the interior planets than both the Tychonic and Copernican models. Nilakantha's "planetary system" also incorporated the Earth's rotation on its axis. Most astronomers of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics seem to have '''accepted''' his planetary model.
Ptolomy's theory still accepted view for some astronomers during Columbus' explorations. (earth a ball but not heliocentric)
(Poland) Nicolaus Copernicus (a [[Agencies/Jesuits|'''Jesuit''']]) (1473-1543) astronomer, physician, '''priest''', famous for the heliocentric planetary '''theory'''. He '''formulated''' a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center. ▼
▲(Poland) Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) a [[Agencies/Jesuits|'''Jesuit''']]
In his model, Copernicus maintained that Earth was not the center of the universe. Instead, Copernicus '''believed''' that Earth and the other planets revolved around the Sun. Copernicus' system offered a simple explanation for many of the observed phenomena that could not be easily explained within the old system. Retrograde motion was one such phenomenon.
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====16th Century AD====
Lipperhey invents first telescope (1543)
Kepler promotes Copernicus theory (1620)
(France) Jean-Felix Picard (1620-1682), (a [[Agencies/Jesuits|'''Jesuit''']]) earned the title of founder of modern astronomy in France even as he labored as a "priest". Born in La Flèche, where he studied at the [[Agencies/Jesuits|'''Jesuit''']] Collège Royal Henry-Le-Grand, he was fascinated from an early age with the heavens, and he gave his intellectual life to the cause of astronomy. Picard introduced new methods for watching the stars and improved and developed new scientific instruments.
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(Italy) Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625-1712) a [[Agencies/Jesuits|'''Jesuit''']], astronomer, mathematician, discovered Saturn’s moons, rings.
Copernican theory becomes dominant among secularist astronomers (1675)
=====The Copernican principle=====
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The "Copernican Revolution" is named for Nicolaus Copernicus (a [[Agencies/Jesuits|'''Jesuit''']]), whose Commentariolus, written before 1514, was the first explicit presentation of the heliocentric model in Renaissance scholarship. The '''idea''' of heliocentrism is much older; it can be traced to Aristarchus of Samos, a Hellenistic author writing in the 3rd century BC, who may in turn have been drawing on even older concepts in Pythagoreanism. Ancient heliocentrism was, however, eclipsed by the geocentric model presented by Ptolemy in the Almagest and accepted in Aristotelianism.
Newton invents the theory of Gravity (1687)
====17th Century AD====
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(Hungary) Gyula Fényi (1845-1927) a [[Agencies/Jesuits|'''Jesuit''']], astronomer, studied solar prominences.
Darwin invents the origin of the species (1859)
====19th Century AD====
(Europe) Thomas Wright and Immanuel Kant '''speculated''' that fuzzy patches of light called nebulae were actually distant "island universes" consisting of many stellar systems. The shape of the Milky Way galaxy was expected to resemble such "islands universes."
====20th Century AD====
Einstein's theories (1905)
(United States) George Coyne (1933-2020) a [[Agencies/Jesuits|'''Jesuit''']], astronomer, director of the Vatican Observator ("Lucifer" telescope).
▲====20th Century AD====
Harlow Shapley's work on globular clusters and Edwin Hubble's '''assumptions''' in 1924 showed that the Sun is not the center of the universe, cosmology moved on from heliocentrism to galactocentrism, which states that the Milky Way is the center of the universe.
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The '''concept''' of an absolute velocity, including being "at rest" as a particular case, is ruled out by the principle of relativity, also eliminating any obvious "center" of the universe as a natural origin of coordinates. Even if the discussion is limited to the Solar System, '''the Sun is not at the geometric center of any planet's orbit''', but rather approximately at one focus of the elliptical orbit. Furthermore, to the extent that a planet's mass cannot be neglected in comparison to the Sun's mass, '''the center of gravity of the Solar System is displaced slightly away from the center of the Sun.''' (The masses of the planets, mostly Jupiter, amount to 0.14% of that of the Sun.) Therefore, a '''hypothetical astronomer''' on an extrasolar planet would observe a small "wobble" in the Sun's motion.
NASA created (1958)
Moon landing hoax (1969)
Hubble launched (1990)
===See Also===
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* [https://gregorylessinggarrett.substack.com/p/is-the-heliocentric-model-really gregorylessinggarrett.substack.com Heliocentrism - A Reverse Engineered Masterpiece]
* [[:File:Matkinson,+02+feat+Overgaard.pdf|Pdf: Early Modern Catholic Defense of Copernicanism: The Jesuits and the Galileo Affair]]
===References===
<references>
<ref name="CultofBacchus">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URYllyqmHt4 YouTube: The Cult of Bacchus - Livy's Bacchanalian Affair]</ref>
<ref name="CultofDionysus">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S6b8_ZNrCLQ YouTube: Orphism - Cult of Dionysus, Mystery Religion, Orphic Egg, Phanes, Esotericism, Cosmogony & Afterlife]</ref>
</references>
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