Cosmos/Moon/Tides
The Moon and the Tides
Tide is the relative change of level between land and water. Mainstream science follows Isaac Newton's explanation of the tides from 1687, saying that that ocean tides are the result from the gravitational attraction of the sun and moon on the oceans of the earth.
Tides According to NOAA
Gravity is one major force that creates tides. In 1687, Isaac Newton explained that ocean tides result from the gravitational attraction of the sun and moon on the oceans of the earth (Sumich, J.L., 1996). Other forces, more regional than the moon or sun, control the tides. Many of them have to do with the geography and shape of the Earth.
While the moon and sun cause tides on our planet, the gravitational pull of these celestial bodies does not dictate when high or low tides occur.
The shape of our planet has a lot to do with differences in gravitational pull at various locations. If Earth was a true sphere covered by an ocean of constant depth, then it would be true that a high tide event would occur at the location with the moon overhead. The tidal "bulge" would move around the Earth with the moon, but this is not the case with our planet. The Earth is not a true sphere, but bulges slightly at the Equator. It is also dotted with large land masses (continents). Areas where the Earth’s surface is higher, such as mountains, have a stronger gravitational force than do places where the surface is lower, such as a valley or cavern. At the same time, the depth of the world ocean varies greatly. All of these factors play into the height of the tides.
The relationship between the masses of the Earth, moon and sun and their distances to each other play a critical role in affecting the Earth's tides. Although the sun is 27 million times more massive than the moon, it is 390 times further away from the Earth than the moon. Tidal generating forces vary inversely as the cube of the distance from the tide-generating object. This means that the sun’s tidal generating force is reduced by 3903 (about 59 million times) compared to the tide-generating force of the moon. Therefore, the sun’s tide-generating force is about half that of the moon, and the moon is the dominant force affecting the Earth’s tides. [1]
NASA's view of the Tides
The Moon and Earth exert a gravitational pull on each other. On Earth, the Moon’s gravitational pull causes the oceans to bulge out on both the side closest to the Moon and the side farthest from the Moon. These bulges create high tides. The low points are where low tides occur.
The Moon’s gravitational pull on Earth, combined with other, tangential forces, causes Earth’s water to be redistributed, ultimately creating bulges of water on the side closest to the Moon and the side farthest from the Moon.
Rising and ebbing tides happen as Earth’s landmasses rotate through the tidal bulges created by the Moon’s gravitational pull. Our observer sees the tides rise when passing through the bulges, and fall when passing through the low points. Of course, in reality the Earth isn’t a smooth ball, so tides are also affected by the presence of continents, the shape of the Earth, the depth of the ocean in different locations, and more. The timing and heights of the tide near you will be affected by those additional elements.
Twice a month, when the Earth, Sun, and Moon line up, their gravitational power combines to make exceptionally high tides, called spring tides, as well as very low tides where the water has been displaced. When the Sun is at a right angle to the Moon, moderate tides, called neap tides, result. From our view on Earth, these tides coincide with certain lunar phases since they occur when the Moon reaches specific positions in its orbit.
Earth’s tidal bulges don’t line up exactly with the Moon’s position. Because the Moon is orbiting in the same direction as the Earth rotates, it takes extra time for any point on our planet to rotate and reach exactly below the Moon. This means that the high tide bulges are never directly lined up with the Moon, but a little ahead of it. (please read that carefully 🤣)
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Gravity From the moon
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Spring Tide
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Neap Tide
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Tital Lag
Tides according to the book "Earth Not a Globe"
It has been shown that the doctrine of the earth's rotundity is simply a plausible theory, having no practical foundation; all ideas, therefore, of "center of attraction of gravitation," "mutual mass attraction of earth and moon", as taught in the Newtonian hypothesis must be given up, and the cause of tides in the ocean sought in some other direction. Before commencing such an inquiry, however, it will be useful to point out a few of the difficulties which render the theory contradictory, and therefore false and worthless.
1. The intensity of attraction of bodies on each other is affirmed to be proportional to bulk.
2. The earth is affirmed to be much larger than the moon ("The mass of the moon according to Lindenau is 1/87 of the mass of the earth" 1), and therefore to have much the greatest attractive power. How then is it possible for the moon with only one eighty-seventh part of the attractive power of the earth, to lift up the waters of the ocean and draw them towards herself? In other words, how can the lesser power overcome the greater?
3. It is affirmed that the intensity of attraction increases with proximity, and vice versa. How, then, when the waters are drawn up by the moon from their bed, and away from the earth's attraction, which at that greater distance from the center is considerably diminished, while that of the moon is proportionately increased; is it possible that all the waters acted on should be prevented leaving the earth and flying away to the moon?
If the moon has power of attraction sufficient to lift the waters of the earth at all, even a single inch from their deepest receptacles, where the earth's attraction is much the greater, there is nothing in the theory of attraction of gravitation to prevent her taking to herself all the waters which come within her influence. Let the smaller body once overcome the power of the larger, and the power of the smaller becomes greater than when it first operated, because the matter acted on is nearer to it. Proximity is greater, and therefore power is greater.
4. The maximum power of the moon is affirmed to operate when on the meridian of any place.
How then can the waters of the ocean immediately underneath the moon flow towards the shores, and so cause a flood tide? Water flows, it is said, through the law of gravity, or attraction of the earth's center; is it possible then for the moon, having once overcome the power of the earth, to let go her hold upon the waters, through the influence of a power which she has conquered, and which therefore, is less than her own? Again, if the moon really draws the waters of the ocean towards herself, can she take them to her own meridian, and there increase their altitude without depressing or lowering the level of the waters in the places beyond the reach of her influence? Let the following experiments be tried, and then the answer given:
1st. Spread out on a table a sheet of paper of any size, to represent a body of water; place an object or mark at each edge of the paper, to represent the shores. Now draw the paper gently upwards in the centre, and notice the effect upon the objects or marks, and the edge of the paper.
2nd. Take a basin of water, and carefully note the level round the edge. Now place the bottom of a small lift-pump upon the surface of the water in the center of the basin. On making the first stroke of the pump, the water will be slightly elevated in the centre, but it will recede or fall in at the sides.
In both the above experiments it will be seen that the water will be drawn away from the sides representing the shores when it is elevated in the center. Hence the supposed attraction of the moon upon the waters of the earth could not possibly cause a flood-tide on the shores which are nearest her meridian action, but the very contrary; the waters would recede from the land to supply the pyramid of water formed immediately underneath the moon, and of necessity produce an ebb tide instead of the flood, which the Newtonian theory affirms to be the result.
The above and other difficulties which exist in connection with the explanation of the tides afforded by the Newtonian system, have led many, including Isaac Newton himself, to admit that such explanation is the least satisfactory portion of the "theory of gravitation."
From this point we may proceed to inquire: "What is the real cause of the tides? The process must be purely Zetetic--first to define the leading term, or terms employed; secondly, to collect all the facts we can which bear upon the subject; and thirdly, to arrange the evidence, and see what conclusion necessarily appears.
The tide is either the rising and falling of the water in relation to the land; or the rising and falling of the land in relation to the water; but as it is not at this stage decided which is the case. [2]
| Location | Feet | Location | Feet |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mouth of Severn | 60 | Off entrance to Milford Haven | 36 |
| At Holyhead | 24 | Entrance to the Wash | 22 |
| Entrance to Solway Frith | 21 | Off Brighton | 21 |
| South-west Coast--Cornwall | 19 | Mouth of the Thames | 19 |
| Mouth of the Humber | 18 | Portsmouth | 17 |
| Mouth of Plymouth Sound | 16 | Mouth of the Mersey | 16 |
| Mouth of the Tyne | 15 | Entrance of Dublin Bay | 12 |
| Yarmouth | 7 |
Historical theories of what causes the Tides
Some people thought the moon did it by heating rocks on the bottom of the ocean, and when those rocks were really hot, the water would boil and swell and that was high tide, and then when the moon went away those rocks cooled and that was low tide, and others thought it was the breathing of a large beast or the breathing of the Earth itself. Even Leonardo da Vinci in the 13th century thought that it must be the breathing of a large beast, and he tried to calculate the size of its lung. [3]
Tides according to many Flat-earthers
The electromagnetic energy of the sun and moon directly creates tides because of the diamagnetic properties of water. The sun, actually being close and small, has an immediate and local affect on the ocean.
Water Is naturally diamagnetic, which means it repels a magnetic field. It creates a magnetic field in opposition to an externally applied magnetic field. The close sun is a positive electromagnetic energy repelling the water in the ocean, creating low tides and and the moon is a negative electromagnetic energy causing high tides. They work together like a perfectly designed machine.
If you look on a flat earth map, the path of the sun through the year (tropic of cancer to the tropic of Capricorn) is exactly where all the most and extreme tides are found on earth. When the sun and moon are perfectly aligned on flat earth the tides are highest. [4]