Earth/Core
Earth's Core
| 1. continental crust | 2. oceanic crust |
| 3. upper mantle | 4. lower mantle |
| 5. outer core | 6. inner core |
| A. Mohorovicic discontinuity | B. core–mantle boundary |
| C. outer core–inner core boundary | |
Earth was thought to have a solid inner core distinct from a molten outer core in 1936, by the Danish seismologist Inge Lehmann, who deduced its presence by studying seismograms from earthquakes in New Zealand. She thought that the seismic waves reflect off the boundary of the inner core and can be detected by sensitive seismographs on the Earth's surface. She inferred a radius of 1,400 km (870 mi) for the inner core, not far from the currently accepted guess of 1,221 km (759 mi).
Globe believers state that the molten iron mantle of earth has temperatures between 1000˚C and 4000˚C and a solid iron core with 7000˚C (hotter than the suggested surface temp of the sun).
Plus they believe that a churning molten core produces earth’s magnetic field, conveniently ignoring the fact that metals lose their magnetism above the Curie temperature:
“In physics and materials science, the Curie temperature, or Curie point, is the temperature at which certain materials lose their permanent magnetic properties, to be replaced by induced magnetism. The Curie temperature is named after Pierre Curie, who showed that magnetism was lost at a critical temperature.”
For Iron, that temperature is 1043˚C, and less for most Iron alloys. Metals heated above the Curie point can only hold induced magnetism, that is, they are magnetic only in presence of a magnetic field, but cannot produce a magnetic field. So, if anything, the core is magnetic because of the presence of a magnetic field, not vice versa.
7.5 miles is the deepest hole ever drilled, which is thousands of miles away from the Earth’s supposed core. Scientists were wrong about what we would find every step of the way, yet we're supposed to believe what science says about earth's core?
The Kola Superdeep Borehole
The Kola Superdeep Borehole (Russian: Кольская сверхглубокая скважина, romanized: Kol'skaya sverkhglubokaya skvazhina) SG-3 is the result of a scientific drilling project of the Soviet Union in the Pechengsky District, near the Russian border with Norway, on the Kola Peninsula. The project attempted to drill as deep as possible into the Earth's crust.
Drilling began on 24 May 1970 using the Uralmash-4E, and later the Uralmash-15000 series drilling rig, and it became the deepest manmade hole in history in 1979. The 23-centimetre-diameter (9 in) boreholes were drilled by branching from a central hole. The deepest reached 12,262 metres (40,230 ft; 7.619 mi) in 1989, the deepest human-made hole on Earth, and remains so as of 2024.
To cut miles into the ground, the engineers had to invent a whole new drill. In the past, drillers quickly spun the entire drill stem so the bit at the bottom could chew the bedrock. Before starting, the Soviets calculated that the tubing would weigh over a million pounds. They could never generate enough torque to rotate that much pipe fast enough to drill through kilometers of granite. So, in 1969, the Soviets invented a rotary bit. It spun by sending pressurized mud down the pipe where it blew through a turbine at the drill head, spinning it 80 revolutions per minute. It worked and the system is now used on oil wells.
The Kola borehole reached 40,230 feet (12,262 meters) (7.6 miles) in 1989, making it the deepest human-made hole on Earth. To put that into perspective, the borehole is deeper than the Mariana Trench and deeper than Mount Everest is tall. In terms of true vertical depth, it remains the deepest borehole in the world. Drilling stopped in 1992. It is now Bolted Down and Welded Shut.
Depth:
- Deepest Hole on Earth
- Deeper than the Mariana Trench
- Drilled for 24 years
- Depth Expected 15,000 meters (9.32 miles)
- Depth Reached 12,262 meters (7.62 miles)
- 0.002% of the way to the "center of the earth", yet science thinks they know what the core is made of.
- Earth's "mantle" begins at 35 km (21.75 Miles)
Findings:
- Hot mineralized water was found (at depths not expected), it "Squeezed out of rock crystals", Never observed elsewhere. Everyone figured that the granite would be as dry as a stone. Who says you can’t get water from a rock?
- At around 6.7 kilometers (3.7 miles) depth, microscopic plankton fossils were recovered from the borehole samples
- The presence of large amounts of helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, and even carbon dioxide gas at depth. The mud that flowed from the borehole was described as “boiling” with hydrogen.
- There is no basalt under the continent’s granite. Based on seismic studies the expected transition from granite to basalt would be at three and six kilometers below the surface, Instead, it found that the granitic rock extended beyond the 12 km (7.5 miles) point.
Issues:
- Past the 12 km mark, heat and pressure became a technical issue
- Drilling encountered temperatures of 356 degrees Fahrenheit, °F (180 degrees Celsius, °C), exceeding the expected 212 degrees Fahrenheit (100 degrees Celsius).
- At these depths, the rock density means that it acts more like a thick plastic than rock, making drilling almost impossible.
The Bertha Rogers Well
In 1983, in Oklahoma, USA, an oil exploration well unexpectedly turned into one of the deepest holes ever drilled. The project encountered much higher temperatures and pressures than anticipated, which presented significant challenges. Ultimately, the endeavor reached a depth of approximately 9,583 meters (5.95 miles). However, it was abandoned when molten sulfur was unexpectedly encountered, rendering further drilling unsafe and impractical.