Observations/Interferometry: Difference between revisions
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===Dayton Miller (1902 - 1933)===
Dayton Miller conducted the most extensive experimentation using laser interferometry during the early to mid 1900s, conducting a total of 5,200,000 measurements.
Miller was able to determine a direct cause and effect relationship with the speed of The Æther, the most the movement of the sun and the axial tilt of the cosmic microwave background the Fringe shift pattern reached their maximum and minimum dimensions in accordance with the equinoxes, this is a direct this is directly relating a translation of motion from the sky to the Earth
[[File:Dayton Miller.png|150px|right]]
The subsequent Nicholson Morley experiments in modern times that are trending towards zero for detection in their
Miller's later work consisted of taking measurements at altitude, this allowed him to make consistent measurements of the fluctuation in Æther speed.
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It should be noted that while David Miller was alive that his work could not be refuted. Miller undertook extensive controlled experiments and procedures to guard against laboratory artifacts, and objectively determine the sensitivity of his apparatus.
While Miller was doing these experiments that were proving a measurement with The Æther in correspondence with the with the sky
▲====Adjustments the experiment: Miller's response to criticisms====
* Miller had the ability to adjust the mirrors with fine Precision, he had really precise finely threaded screws, and just by turning the screws 16 degrees he could isolate 100 wavelengths of light.
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* Miller would test with different light sources so they were he was testing to see if other light sources would interfere with with The Fringe patterns. He tested in direct sunlight and artificial light to check for different wavelengths to see how that would interfere with it.
▲* they designed special equipment made of aluminum and Brass so that it could negate against magnetic effects and evaluated the way the Mercury interacted with the base of the apparatus so they tried bases of wood, concrete, different metals, and basically what they were testing was that was the distribution of weight on the Mercury and how that would affect the spin and friction and see it tested with different light sources so they were he was testing to see if other light sources would interfere with with The Fringe patterns.
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* he was very thorough in evaluating environmental temperature effects, he constructing special housing to shelter the [[Tech/Interferometer|interferometer]], he built a house with walls, a canvas roof, windows, and Shielded against the all the environmental effects, because basically what he found was that the more in the open, you could have the device, but shielded to protect against the factors that would cause variation in the fringe shift. As much as possible, having it at altitude and in conditions in the open, you will get the consistent fringe shift readings. In modern times what they do is the place the [[Tech/Interferometer|interferometer]] in a basement of a building.▼
▲* after he determined that temperature had some effect, he did thermal installation to further protect against from thermal heating in nature, by assessing low-level thermal effects from having his assistant take recordings and measurements standing next to the device at varying places to see if just the body heat of another person in the room would affect it.
▲* he was very thorough in evaluating environmental temperature effects, he constructing special housing to shelter the interferometer, he built a house with walls, a canvas roof, windows, and Shielded against the all the environmental effects, because basically what he found was that the more in the open, you could have the device, but shielded to protect against the factors that would cause variation in the fringe shift. As much as possible, having it at altitude and in conditions in the open, you will get the consistent fringe shift readings. In modern times what they do is the place the interferometer in a basement of a building.
The original Michelson-Morley device was in a basement and even that still detected a fringe shift pattern albeit, slightly less, it still has the potential to to detect it. So when you want to get the consistent measurements in altitude, and having it in the open, it is definitely the way to do it. So observing periodic effects, Miller noted that he never observed any periodic effects expressing themselves according to the Civil time coordinates, indicating the thermal effects radiating from the specific walls related to the solar heating were not influences this apparatus, so throughout the day the apparatus was heated in accordance with the temperature of the day, so you know wasn't affecting anything.
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This demonstrates that the detected axis in the Periodicity of The Æther drift is the same or different times of that year, so it can only be seen when the data is viewed through a cosmological sidereal coordinate system from Miller 1928, page 362. These data curves are organized along with Azimuth means that were later recomputed with Miller's publication as given in (Figure 1 top Graph).
On average velocity and Azimuth of global Æther drift, from Dayton Miller's Mount Wilson Æther drift experiments 1925-1926. (Figure 1 top Graph) average variations is observed in The observed magnitude of Æther Drift from all four epochs of measurement. Maximum velocities occurs at about five hours sidereal time and minimum velocity occurs at about 17 hours sidereal time. While Miller's 1933 paper assumed the Earth was pushing through the Æther and moving towards Dorado near the southern pole of the plane of the ecliptic, the movement and direction of The Æther drift past the [[Tech/Interferometer|interferometer]] was exactly opposite to this toward Draco, near the North Pole, and the plane of the ecliptic 17 hours right Ascension declination of plus 68 degrees.
It is important from the standpoint of his working the theory to clarify the concepts of the net motion of the earth versus the direction of The Æther drift, however if the Æther itself is in motion acting as a cosmic prime mover the direction of The Æther drift in the net motion of the Earth would be identical, although at different velocities.
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Robert Shanklin was brought in to basically character assassinate Miller and his work. Shanklin a former student of Miller later became a proponent of Einstein's relativity theory, and he built his career on Publications that misrepresented the Michelson-Morley experiments as solid evidence against the existence of Æther. The bias raised questions about the objectivity of Shanklin and his team, as reviewers of Miller's work.
Misrepresentation of the experimental results, Shanklin's falsely claimed that the trials of Mickelson-Morley experiments, except those carried out by Miller, yielded "null results". This misrepresentation ignores the slight positive result obtained by several other [[Tech/Interferometer|interferometer]] experiments, suggesting as a deliberate bias against Miller's findings. Lack of comprehensive evaluation, Shanklin's paper gave the impression of a comprehensive review of Miller's [[Tech/Interferometer|interferometer]] observations, but was limited in scope.
The team focused on searching for random ears or statistical fluctuations that Miller's data, and looking for selected data sets that demonstrate temperature artifacts. This limited approach undermines The credibility of their critiques of it's statistical analysis. The statistical analysis presented at Shanklin's paper was actually conducted by a physicist student named Robert L Stearns, who received only a footnote credit. The fact that none of the four authors of the paper undertook the analysis raised questions about the expertise and objectivity of Shanklin's team. The teams inadequate analysis evaluation to the temperature artifacts, they raised the possibility of temperature artifacts and Miller's data, but failed to conduct a systematic evaluation, they relied upon they relied on controlled experiments conducted by Miller which actually demonstrated that thermal effects were not responsible for the observed periodic displacements. The team's dismissal of Miller's rigorous temperature control procedures without providing independent experimental evidence is illogical.
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David's Miller work on The Æther drift which was conducted with precision and diligence has been disregarded and omitted from The History of Science, despite Miller's response to his criticism to his critics in his consistent demonstration of The Æther drift phenomenon he was viewed as a threat by Einstein and his followers who sought to explain away Miller's work.
The Shanklin team and their attempt to discredit Miller selectively analyzed his data and failed to systematically evaluate his most important experiments, while the Shanklin conclusion were negative, they were they inadvertently confirmed Miller's work of a periodic effect in the [[Tech/Interferometer|interferometer]] data, which was not due to random errors or mechanical effects.
The Shanklin team focused on the temperature artifacts but did not thoroughly analyze Miller's most crucial Mount Wilson data. The large issue of the periodic effects of the data and the potential impact of the temperature were not adequately addressed by shanklin's team. A Team possibly influenced by Einstein, Cherry-Picked the data to support their predetermined conclusion that Miller was wrong rather than following the scientific method. Independent studies of Miller's work support his findings of the existence of an Æther-like Force.
See the video presentation "History of Laser Interferometry: Dayton Miller" on YouTube @ Space Audits <ref name=LaserInterferometryDaytonMiller></ref>
===Michelson–Gale–Pearson experiment (1925)===
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